African-American Community Politics and Racial Equality in Cleveland Public Schools : 1933-1973

This dissertation challenges the presumption that from 1933 to 1973 Cleveland African Americans held a monolithic viewpoint on race and public education by unveiling the multiple voices and approaches that characterized school reform. It charts the political lineage of African Americans’ struggles around school reform in Cleveland by examining the social background, political position, and ideological debates among the major…

African Americans and the Color Line in Ohio, 1915-1930

“This analysis of the Ohio color line speaks to those historians who still are inclined to discuss Jim Crow as a wholly southern phenomenon. It indicates that the color line in the North was not uniform and provides further evidence of the importance of locale and local people in African American history. At the same time, it offers stories of…