Definition: Outcomes are benefits or changes for individuals or populations during or after participating in program activities. Outcomes may relate to behavior, skills, knowledge, attitude, values, conditions or other attributes.

In 2012, Cleveland Public Library shifted its program focus from numbers to outcomes as the organization sought to become even more accountable to the patrons and communities it serves. Moving from its historic transactional model to one of transformation, the Library today is focused on providing meaningful benefits that can actually change lives and directions.